Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A) : There was civil war in Sri Lanka.
Reason (R) : An Act was passed in 1956 to secure dominance of Sinhala community on the government.
Options :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.

2. Choose the correct option related to the regional political parties of India: Party Name Election Symbol State

(A) Rashtriya Lok Dal -  Mashal - Uttar Pradesh

(B) Telugu Desam - Cycle- Andhra Pradesh

(C) Telangana Rashtra Samiti - Kite - Telangana

(D) Shiromani Akali Dal - Chashma - Punjab

3. Choose the correct option related to Union list.
(A) Police, Foreign affairs, Agriculture
(B) Trade, Irrigation, Marriage
(C) Education, Commerce, Banking
(D) Currency, Communication, Defence

4.Read the following statements regarding the creation of States on the basis of language in India and choose the correct options:

I.Formation of states on the basis of language made the country more united and stronger.

II.Formation of states on the basis of language made administration easier.

III. Formation of states on the basis of language has weakened the federal structure.

IV. Formation of states on the basis of language led to the development of Indian languages.

Options:

(A) Only I, II and III are correct.

(A) Only I, II and III are correct.

(B) Only II, III and IV are correct.

(C) Only I, II and IV are correct. or ha

(D) Only I, III and IV are correct.

5.How is democracy better than other forms of Government ? Choose the most appropriate option.

(A) It enhances the dignity of individuals.

(B) It promotes equality among elites.

(C) It promotes tendency of private ownership only.

(D) It increases the individualism.

6.Belgium took some measures to solve its problem. Read the following measures and choose the correct option:

I.Formation of community government.

II.Following majoritarian policy.

III. By providing equal representation of language groups.

IV. By providing additional powers to local governments.

Options:

(A) Only I, II and III are correct.

(B) Only I, III and IV are correct.

(C) Only I, II and IV are correct.

(D) Only II, III and IV are correct.

7. Which state of India has the maximum area under permanent forest?

(A) Haryana

(B) Himachal Pradesh

(C) Punjab

(D) Madhya Pradesh

8.Read the characteristics given in the box and identify the type of coal from the option given below:

• This is low grade brown coal.
• The principal reserves are in Neyveli in Tamilnadu.
• It is soft with high moisture content.

Options:

(A) Pit Coal

(B) Anthrasite Coal

(C) Lignite Coal

(D) Bituminous Coal

9. Which among the following crop is known as 'Golden Fibre'?

(A) Cotton

(B) Wool

(C) Jute

(D) Silk

10. Choose the correctly matched pair :
(Multi-purpose River Project)
(A) Gandhi Sagar
(B) Hirakud
(C) Nagarjuna Sagar
D) Salal
(River)
Chambal
Godavari
Kaveri
Beas

11. Rama is a farmer. She needs loan for agriculture work. Which of the following sources of loan will be beneficial for Rama? Choose the most appropriate option :
I. Bank

II. Agricultural Trader

III. Self-Help Group

IV. Government
Options:
(A) Only I, III and IV are correct.

(B) Only I, II and III are correct.

(C) Only II, III and IV are correct.

(D) Only I, II and IV are correct.

12. 'Per capita income' is criterion for development of which one of the following?

(A) United Nations Development Programme
(B) World Health Organisation
(C) World Trade Organisation
(D) World Bank

13. Read the following statements for stimulating the process of globalization and choose the correct options :
I. Government reduces trade barriers.
II. Government reduces competition among producers.
III. Government reduces import and export taxes.
IV. Government removes restrictions on foreign investment.
Options :
(A) Only I, II and III are correct.
(B) Only II, III and IV are correct.
(C) Only I, III and IV are correct.
(D) Only I, II and IV are correct.

14. Which of the following provisions have been made under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act - 2005'?
(A) Government ensures 100 days of employment for all residents.
(B) Government ensures 200 days of employment for all rural residents.
(C) Government provides grains in exchange of work in rural areas.
D) Government provides unemployment allowance to the beneficiaries in case of failure to provide employment.

15. Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A) : Rupees is accepted as medium of exchange in India.
Reason (R) : The World Bank legalises the use of rupee as a medium of Options : payment in India.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R)
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect. is not the correct explanation of (A).
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.

16. Find the odd one out.
(A) Hindustan Computers Limited
(B) Hindustan Unilever
(C) Bharti Airtel Limited
(D) Indian Postal Service

(A) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv

18. Arrange the following historical events in chronological order and choose the correct option :
I.Second Round Table Conference
II. Simon Commission arrives in India III. Beginning of Dandi March IV. Incident of Chauri-Chaura
Options :
(A) I, II, III and IV
(B) IV, II, III and I
(C) IV, II, I and III
D) I, II, IV and III

19. In the 17th century the city El Dorado in South America became famous as which one of the following ?
(A) City of Diversity
(B) City of Gold
(C) Small pox City
D) Trading City

20. Arrange the following regions of Italy in the order of their inclusion in the Unified Italy and choose the correct option :
I. Venetia
II. Savoy Sardinia
III. Sicilies Options :
(A) I, II and IlI
(B) II, III and I
(C) I, III and Il
(D) II, I and III

 The Rowlatt Act, passed in 1919 by the British government, was opposed in India for several reasons:

• Violation of Civil Liberties: The Act allowed the British government to arrest any individual without trial and detain them for a prolonged period, violating basic civil rights and freedoms.
• Unjust Nature of Law: It was seen as a repressive law that aimed to suppress the growing nationalist movement in India by curbing political dissent and protest.
• Anger among Indians: It was passed without Indian consultation, and it led to widespread anger and protests. The Act was viewed as an unjust law that disproportionately targeted Indian nationalists and revolutionaries. The opposition culminated in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where hundreds of innocent Indians were killed by British troops.

Adopting non-conventional sources of energy (renewable energy) is necessary for several reasons:

• Environmental Benefits: Conventional sources like coal and oil are harmful to the environment, causing air pollution and contributing to global warming. Non-conventional sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are clean and sustainable, reducing carbon emissions.
• Sustainability: Non-conventional sources of energy are renewable and inexhaustible, unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and will eventually deplete. Solar, wind, and geothermal energy can be harnessed indefinitely.
• Energy Security: By relying on local renewable sources, countries can reduce their dependence on foreign fossil fuel imports, ensuring better energy security and stability.

23. (a) Suggest any two measures to promote secularism as mentioned in the Indian Constitution.

OR

(b) Suggest any two measures to ensure participation of women in public life.

•  Equal Treatment of All Religions: The Indian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of religion (Article 25-28). The state cannot favor any particular religion and must ensure that all religious practices are respected equally.
• Secular Education System: The Constitution promotes a secular education system where schools and institutions should not propagate any particular religious belief. Education must be inclusive and free from religious bias.

OR

Reservation for Women in Legislative Bodies: The Indian government has proposed reservations for women in local bodies and national elections to ensure greater representation and participation in decision-making.

Legal Protections and Affirmative Actions: Laws like the Women’s Reservation Bill and programs like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao aim to empower women and encourage their participation in public life by ensuring their safety, rights, andopportunities for development.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has played a crucial role in promoting globalization by:

• Improving Communication: ICT has revolutionized communication, making it faster, cheaper, and more efficient. The internet, social media, and email allow instant communication across borders, connecting people, businesses, and governments globally.
• E-Commerce and Business Expansion: ICT has enabled businesses to operate globally through e-commerce platforms, online marketing, and virtual offices. Companies can now reach international markets easily, allowing for the free flow of goods, services, and capital.
• Access to Information: With ICT, individuals and businesses can easily access global information, knowledge, and innovations, which promotes collaboration, growth, and competition across countries.
• Cultural Exchange: Digital platforms allow cultural exchange by enabling access to global entertainment, news, and social media, fostering interconnectedness and understanding across different cultures.